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Категория: Management, Economics, Health, Education and Welfare

Health management
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№3 (99)
Анализ агрегированного рейтинга российских вузов как измерительного инструмента

Коробко Анатолий Иванович, Маслак Анатолий Андреевич

Рейтинги во всех сферах жизни становятся всё более востребованными. В нашей стране в области образования существует несколько рейтингов вузов, классифицирующих их по качеству образования. Эти рейтинги различаются своими целями и подходами к определению, что такое качество образования. Для объединения этих подходов Гильдией экспертов в сфере профессионального образования разрабатываются национальные агрегированные рейтинги учреждений высшего образования. Цель данной работы состоит в статистическом анализе агрегированного рейтинга вузов по качеству образования в 2021 году. Рассмотрены восемь национальных рейтингов, на основе которых построен агрегированный рейтинг.
Статистический анализ агрегированного рейтинга как измерительного инструмента осуществляется в рамках теории латентных переменных. Агрегированный рейтинг рассматривается как латентная переменная, индикаторами которой являются восемь национальных рейтингов.
Определена совместимость использованных национальных рейтингов. Измерено на линейной шкале качество образования в вузах. В рамках теории латентных переменных агрегированный рейтинг обладает в десятки раз большей разрешающей способностью по сравнению с традиционной балльной системой оценивания. Определены рейтинги, которые лучше других национальных рейтингов дифференцируют вузы с низким и высоким качеством образования соответственно. Показаны также рейтинги, которые наиболее и наименее адекватны модели измерения.
Проведенный в рамках теории латентных переменных совместный анализ всех рейтингов позволил выявить сильные и слабые стороны каждого рейтинга. Важными преимуществами использования теории латентных переменных являются высокая дифференцирующая способность, а также то, что качество образования в вузах измеряется на линейной шкале, это важно для проведения мониторинга и использования многих методов статистического анализа, предполагающих линейную шкалу.
Планируется в рамках теории латентных переменных провести мониторинг агрегированного рейтинга вузов за несколько лет.
№2 (98)
Совершенствование механизма взаимодействия таможенных администраций в сфере электронной торговли

Асиятилов Герейхан Магомедович, Юсупова Савда Ярагиевна

В статье раскрыт механизма взаимодействия таможенных администраций в сфере электронной торговли. Подчеркнуто, что международный характер электронной торговли требует применения комплексного и гармонизированного подхода, прагматичных, справедливых и инновационных решений. Показано, что в настоящее время повышенное внимание уделяется контролю электронной торговли. Это актуализирует вопрос взаимодействия таможенных администраций в сфере электронной торговли. Одним из механизмов в данной сфере может стать обеспечение взаимодействия российского сегмента механизма «единого окна» с иностранными механизмами «единого окна».
#1 (97)
Determinants of revenue of hospitality enterprises in the post-pandemic period based on a scenario approach

Пирогова Оксана Евгеньевна, Мустафина Алиса Валерьевна

The tourism industry is affected by health emergencies. According to the World Tourism Organization, as a result of the outbreak of coronavirus infection, the number of international tourists decreased by 60-80% in 2020, moreover, the global economy collapsed – all this caused serious global consequences for service providers. In connection with this situation, the topic of reducing the profitability of companies becomes especially relevant: in the conditions of uncertainty of the epidemiological situation, entrepreneurs need to calculate possible forecast options and the occurrence of concomitant risks of revenue reduction. Thus, each market participant has the opportunity to assess the consequences of the occurrence of a particular scenario.
The purpose of the study is to forecast hotel revenue for 2022, taking into account the identified risks of reducing the profit of the hotel industry in the post-pandemic period. Tasks: determining the current state of the hotel industry, identifying the risks of loss of profitability, identifying the relationship between revenue and identified risks using correlation and regression analysis, identifying possible scenarios for the development of the epidemiological situation in 2022 and determining their impact on revenue, profit forecast for each scenario.
The methods of expert assessment, correlation and regression analysis, comparative analysis and generalization, the construction of their own hypotheses are used in the work.
As a result of this study, the revenue of a 4-star hotel was predicted according to three scenarios of the development of the post-pandemic period for 2021-2022. Significant risks of reducing the revenue of hotel enterprises in the post-pandemic period were: the average price per room, the level of employment of the population, the dynamics of tourist flow, both domestic and inbound.
#1 (97)
Experience and prospects of working with students on creating IT-products based on Low-code technology (Based on the materials of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University)

Еремина Ирина Ильинична

The article examines the experience and prospects of the student scientific circle (SNK) in creating IT products based on low-code technologies. The training work in the circle is aimed at creating a holistic idea of developing applications in the business-oriented programming language of the 1C: Enterprise platform. During the development of the SNK program, students get acquainted with the basics of the built-in language, platform objects and mechanisms, programming and configuration methods in the 1C: Enterprise platform.
#1 (97)
Algorithm for making recommendations in electronic educational environments based on stochastic Markov models

Гончаров Дмитрий Иванович, Геращенкова Татьяна Михайловна

In this artical proposing recommendation algorithm for educational resources in e-learning systems. The new approach uses Markov's model of evaluating the content of the systems by ordinary users to form the parameters of the initial state which characterizes a new user of the system as evaluations of the first resources (system content) to recommend interesting system elements to an active user. Thus the problem of "cold start" for the new users at the first stages of interaction with the system is solved. This problem is inherent in the system under development, because the e-learning system includes a module for making recommendations, which allows it to refer to the class of recommendation-based automated systems. The new approach will combine the use of the Markov process and the time factor to use them as a single source of data for making recommendations. This approach will be based on the principle of access analysis of similar users of the system (the similarity is determined by comparing their profiles) in the same periods of time. An integral part of the created system is also usability. Therefore, at the design stage, it is necessary to think about the ergonomics of the recommendations in the educational system.
#1 (97)
Modern control of readiness of young hockey players

Шишков Игорь Юрьевич

The article is a continuation of research [13] and considers the issue of modern innovative systems for monitoring the special preparedness of young hockey players aged 7-11. The results of skating tests of groups of initial training and initial specialization at the end of the academic year are compared. On the basis of a large sample of subjects n=106, test results were obtained and the reliability of differences in mean values was determined by Student's t-test. So, skating 20 meters forward showed significant p ≤ 0.01 differences between 8.9 and 10 year old hockey players, and the “Slalom run with the puck” test between 9 and 10 year old hockey players p ≤ 0.05, 10 and 11 years old p ≤ 0.01.
#1 (97)
Ethical and legal aspects of protecting the results of scientific activities in the field of genomic research

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In this article, the authors consider the ethical and legal aspects of regulating the protection of the results of scientific activity in the newest field of scientific knowledge - genomic research. The objectives of are the research, intercomparison and assessment of models for protecting the results of scientific activities on the example of the European Union, formulating proposals for modernizing the legal regulation of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting the results of scientific activities in the field of genomic research. In this article, the authors analyze the foreign experience of patent protection of the results of scientific activity in the field of genomic research, paying special attention to the problems of judicial practice. Based on the analysis, the authors formulated recommendations for the Russian legislator.
#1 (97)
The growth of digital cinemas and platforms as an alternative to television

Мачкарина Оксана Евгеньевна, Гайко Юлия Витальевна

The article examines the impact of technological progress on modern reality in the field of information technology development. Using concrete examples, the author shows how the new conditions dictated by the "digital revolution" in the field of cinema are used, how new technologies make the world more accessible to study and comprehension.
#4 (96/1)
Prospects for the introduction of digital technologies in the tourism industry of the Rostov region

Волошинова М.В., Загорская В.В.

The article is devoted to the study of regional features of the tourism industry for the introduction of digital technologies on the example of the Rostov region. The article analyzes the current state of digital technologies in the world and in Russia, the impact of digital technologies on the tourism industry and considers the prerequisites for digitalization of tourism in the Rostov region.
#3 (96)
Problems of Russian natural science at the beginning of the third decade of the XXI century

Ромодин Леонид Александрович

This article deals with the main problems currently occurring in Russian science. Meanwhile, the main focus is on the field of natural sciences, in particular, biology. This is due to the fact that the development of this scientific field has been given a special place in the government regulations, over the past two years. The article discusses the goals of the Science National Project and the Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies. Arguments are given in favor of the incorrectness of the criteria for evaluating of effectiveness both the researchers and some of the challenges which are presented in these documents. It is pointed out why Russian science would never be able to take a leading position in the world, why the really updating the staff and the true development of the Russian science would be impossible, under the current conditions. The latter, in general, is due to the inability to conduct the multicast researches. The paper provides the recommendations for solving a number of issues raised.